The role of silicon fertilizer is a kind of health-care nutrient element fertilizer: applying silicon fertilizer can improve the soil to correct soil acidity, improve soil salt base, promote decomposition of organic fertilizer, and inhibit soil bacteria. For example, the red soil dryland is acid pH value of 4.5 ~ 5.2, lack of organic matter and calcium, easy to knot. Applying silicon fertilizer can improve soil properties and accelerate ripening, which is conducive to crop yield increase. Vegetable greenhouses have been planted for more than two years, and the accumulation of mold and pathogens will affect crop yield and quality. The application of silicon fertilizer can effectively prevent the survival and reproduction of molds and crops such as roots and mildew.
Silicon fertilizer is an essential nutrient for planting plants: most plants contain silicon. Especially in rice, its nutritional role in recent years is considered to be the fourth only after N, P, and K. Tests have shown that the production of 1000 kg of rice, the absorption of silicon dioxide is as high as 150 kg, exceeding the sum of the absorption of hydrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice. Among the six crop ash of rice, wheat, barley, soybean, lentils and fennel, the oxides of seven nutrients such as silicon, phosphorus, potassium and calcium account for more than 80% of ash, of which silicon oxide accounts for 16-61.4%.
It is a nutrient element fertilizer that improves quality: the application of silicon fertilizer in fruit trees can significantly improve fruit quality and increase in volume. The sugar content is increased. Sweet, fragrant and beneficial to human health. Also resistant to storage and transportation. Sugar cane can increase silicon production, and can promote stem sugar accumulation and increase sugar yield.
It is a compound fertilizer with multiple calcium and magnesium elements: silicon fertilizer also contains a certain amount of trace elements such as phosphorus, zinc, boron, iron and manganese, which has a compound nutrition effect on crops. Suitable for a variety of crop applications.
It can help crops improve photosynthesis: silicon fertilizer can make the epidermal cells of the crop silicified, make the stems and leaves of the crop straight, reduce shading, and enhance the photosynthesis of the leaves. For example, after applying silicon to rice, the leaf angle is reduced, and the photosynthesis of canopy is increased by more than 10%.
It can enhance the ability of crops to resist pests and diseases: after the silicon is absorbed by the crops, silicified cells are formed in the body, the cell wall of the stems and leaves is thickened, and the stratum corneum is increased, thereby improving the ability of pest control and disease resistance, especially against rice blast, leaf spot, stem rot, Bacterial blight, sclerotium disease, cotton bollworm, rust, etc.
Improve crop resistance to lodging: As the stem of the crop is straight, the lodging resistance is increased by about 80%. It can enhance the aeration of crops: the increase of silicon in crops will increase the rigidity of crop conduits, promote the increase of aeration, and have important significance for aquatic and warm crops such as rice and reed. It can also promote root growth and prevent root rot and Premature aging. It is especially important for controlling the rotten roots of rice.
It can improve the stress resistance of crops: the crop absorbs silicon fertilizer to produce silicified cells, effectively regulates the opening and closing of leaf pores, and controls water transpiration. Improve the drought resistance, dry heat resistance and low temperature resistance. Silicon fertilizer is suitable for early spring crops. Such as early rice, early peanuts and winter and spring vegetable production.
It can reduce the fixation of phosphorus in the soil: the silicon in the cultivated soil can activate the phosphorus in the soil and the insoluble phosphorus, promote the operation in the crop body, and thus improve the seed setting rate.
Different effects of silicon fertilizer on different crops:
1. Rice:
The effect of applying silicon fertilizer on rice yield is particularly obvious. Rice is a silicon crop. Spraying silicon fertilizer can thicken the epidermal cells of rice, the stems and leaves of the crops are thick and straight, the roots are developed, the leaves are rushed, the photosynthesis is enhanced, the effective tillering, the seed setting rate is high, the spikes are large, and the drought is resistant. Increased lodging resistance by more than 85%, promotes early maturity, improves rice quality, and resists pests and diseases, which can reduce the incidence rate by 75%. The rice disease resistance was significantly enhanced after application of silicon fertilizer, especially rice blast, rice smut, sheath blight, leaf spot, stem rot, bacterial blight and rotten root disease, rice planthopper, rice stem borer, and heart The incidence of pests and mites and other pests and diseases has been significantly reduced.
2, wheat:
After spraying silicon fertilizer, the tiller is increased, the stem is thick, the leaves are straight, the seed setting rate is high, the 1000-grain weight is increased, the drought resistance, the dry heat resistance, the lodging resistance are increased by more than 80%, powdery mildew, rust, sheath blight, root rot and The incidence of pests and diseases such as aphids and borers is significantly reduced.
3. Corn:
After spraying silicon fertilizer, the stems are thick, the plant height is reduced, the lodging resistance is increased by more than 80%, the leaf area is increased, the resistance to stress is enhanced, the ear of corn is large, the grain is full, the baldness is reduced, the seed setting rate is increased, and the yield is increased by 10%-23 More than %, the incidence of diseases such as corn rough disease, stem-based rot, bacterial wilt, and aphids and corn borer (bottom worm) has been greatly reduced and reduced.
4, peanuts:
After application of silicon fertilizer, the plant grows robustly, the leaves are dark green, the roots are developed, the branches are many, the nuts are full and full, the shells are small, the rate of adult kernels is high, the commodity is good, the yield increase effect is generally 15%-50%, and the peanuts are Leaf spot, blight, stem rot, root rot, chalk, aphids, cotton bollworm, red spider, etc. are significantly reduced. 5. Soybean: After spraying silicon fertilizer, it has good growth, large leaves, strong fruit, anti-falling, early maturity and less pests and diseases, which can significantly reduce the harm of pea pods. Generally, the yield can be increased by about 15%.
5, sesame:
After spraying silicon fertilizer, the plant is firm, the leaves are rising, the growth is strong, the 1000-grain weight is increased, the lodging resistance and premature aging are reduced, the pests and diseases are less, and the quality is improved.
6, cotton:
After spraying silicon fertilizer, the root system is developed, the stem is thick, the tiller is more, the leaf is hypertrophy, the bud is early, the sitting bud is more, the vomiting peach is increased, the bud bell is less, the belling rate is high, drought tolerance, drought blight, root rot Diseases, blight and blind mites, mites, red spiders, cotton bollworms and other pests and diseases are significantly reduced. The first and second generation cotton bollworms do not need to be pesticides.
7, apple, pear, peach and other fruit trees:
The effect of spraying silicon fertilizer is thick and thick, the leaves are thick and thick, straight and flat, the photosynthesis is enhanced, the green leaf period is prolonged, the fruit drop, the fruit shrinkage, the deformed fruit and the cracked fruit are reduced, and the leaf curl, the flower leaf, the yellow leaf and the spot are prevented. Physiological diseases such as falling flowers and fallen leaves, coloring 3-5 days in advance, early maturity, large fruit, good color, sweet taste, high hardness, storage and transportation, and greatly improved quality.
When the fruit tree absorbs silicon, it can form more silicified cells and hard epidermis on the surface of leaves and fruits, and is resistant to pests such as pear hibiscus, peach worm, red-white spider, Kang's whitefly, aphid, etc. Silicic acid against scab, black spot, powdery mildew, rust, ring rot, anthracnose, gum disease, blue mold, mildew, brown rot, black rot, gray mold, early leaf disease The germination and mycelial growth of various fungal spores such as rot disease and root rot have a strong inhibitory effect, which can significantly reduce the incidence of various fruit tree diseases and insect pests.
8, grapes:
After spraying silicon fertilizer, the tree grows vigorously, the leaves increase, the number of ears increases, the ratio of dry to fresh weight increases, the coloration is good, the early maturity, downy mildew, powdery mildew, brown spot, gray mold, black pox, white Diseases and insect pests such as rot, aphids and spider mites are reduced, and quality and yield are significantly improved.
9. Banana: Spraying silicon fertilizer can promote the height and stem diameter of banana plants, and the fruit length and fruit circumference are obviously increased. The fruit has fewer lesions, good color and good quality. (Bundle disease and leaf spot disease are important diseases in banana gardens. Spraying silicon fertilizer can alleviate the occurrence of this disease. According to practice, the incidence of application of silicon fertilizer is reduced by 25-50% compared with the control.)
10, citrus:
After spraying silicon fertilizer, the number of flowering and fruit set rate can be increased, the green leaf period is prolonged, the pests and diseases are less, the fruit is positive, the color is good, and the quality is high.
11. Strawberry:
Spraying silicon fertilizer can increase the strawberry fruit, the appearance is bright and round, shiny, the strawberry fruit rate increases, the quality is good, the harvesting period is 7 days ahead of schedule, the economic value is increased, the average yield is increased by 50-57%, and can be greatly improved. The resistance of strawberries to various pests and diseases. (According to experiments, the incidence of aphids decreased by 75% and the rate of resistance to gray mold reached 40%-53% after spraying silicon fertilizer on strawberries. Other diseases such as powdery mildew and viral diseases were also observed. Have certain resistance). Silicon fertilizer has a great effect on the growth, quality and yield of strawberry.
12, cucumber:
After spraying silicon fertilizer, the stems and leaves are straight, the photosynthesis is enhanced, the growth is good, the melon is thick and straight, the market is early, the color is good, the taste is good, the pests and diseases are few, powdery mildew, blight, leaf spot are basically absent, quality and yield are obvious. improve.
13, watermelon:
After spraying silicon fertilizer, it grows strong, thin skin, crisp and sweet meat, high sugar content, less pests and diseases, high yield and good quality.
14, sugar cane:
After spraying silicon fertilizer, sugarcane plants grow tall, the leaves are erect, drought-resistant, lodging resistance, disease resistance, less pests and diseases, early maturity, good quality, and sugarcane yield and sugar content are significantly improved.
15. Reed:
The reed application of silicon fertilizer has a good effect of increasing yield. After spraying silicon fertilizer, the growth rate of reed can be accelerated, the stem strength can be increased, the stem diameter can be increased, the stem wall thickened, the invasion of pests and diseases can be effectively prevented, the lodging resistance can be enhanced, and the quality of reeds can be improved. Also improved. Therefore, it has greater economic, social and ecological benefits.
16, the lawn:
Spraying silicon fertilizer can significantly improve the mechanical strength of grass stems, and has a resistance to diseases caused by various fungi such as leaf spot, brown spot and blight of lawn.
17. Chinese herbal medicines:
After spraying silicon fertilizer, the plant grows robustly, with less insects, less disease and good quality.
The application of silicon fertilizer should follow the following technical principles:
First, the scope of application.
Soil silicon supply capacity is an important basis for determining whether or not to apply silicon fertilizer. The greater the degree of silicon deficiency in the soil, the better the effect of fertilization and yield increase. Therefore, the silicon fertilizer should be preferentially distributed to the silicon-deficient areas and the silicon-deficient soil. The demand for silicon varies from crop to crop, and the effect of applying silicon fertilizer on silicon crops is obvious.
After trials, the crops with significant silicon application are mainly grass, wheat, corn and other grass crops, among which rice is a typical silicon crop; soybean, peanut and other silicon-silica crops; cucumber, melon, watermelon, melon and other gourds Branches and crops such as tomatoes, strawberries, and cotton. Since silicon fertilizer has the effect of improving soil, silicon fertilizer should be applied to contaminated farmland and protected land planted for many years.
Second, the application method.
Silicon fertilizer is not easy to agglomerate, is not easy to deteriorate, has good stability, and does not have infiltration, volatilization and other losses, and has the characteristics of long fertilizer effect. Therefore, silicon fertilizer does not have to be applied annually, and can be applied every other year. The application method can be applied together with organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer; the water-soluble silicon fertilizer with high nutrient content can be used as base fertilizer or top dressing, but the topdressing period should be as early as possible. For example, it should be applied before rice booting in rice production.
Third, the amount.
The application amount of silicon fertilizer should be determined according to the content of available silicon in different plots of soil and the content of soluble silicon in silicon fertilizer. Soils that are severely deficient in silicon can be applied in moderation, while soils that are mildly deficient in silicon should be applied less. Water-soluble silicon fertilizer with effective silicon content of 50-60% can be applied 6-10 kg per mu; steel slag silicon fertilizer with effective silicon content of 30-40% can be applied 30-50 kg per mu; effective silicon content is lower than 30%, 50-100 kg per acre can be used for reference. (Organic Fertilizer Agrochemicals)
This article URL: The role of silicon in crops, which crops can not be silicon-deficient
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